Python Operators

Python operator is used to perform different operations between different variables and values. In the operation a+b, a and b is operand and + is operator .

Example 1:

number1=5
number2=6
#add operation between two values
print(1+2)
#in the operation 1+2 , 1 & 2 is operand and + is operator .
#+ operator adds the two operands.
#add operation between a variable and a value
print(number1+2)
#add operation between two variables
print(number1+number2)

3
7
11

In the above code we have created two variables named number1 and number2 and performed different operations –

• Through the print(1 + 2) statement, Python first added 1 and 2 and print 3 to the output.
• Through the print(number1 + 2) statement, Python first added number1 and 2 .As the value of number1 is 5, addition of number1 and 2 is 7 and Python print 7 to the output .
• Through the print(number1 + number2) statement Python first added number1 and number2 . Since the values of number1 and number2 are 5 and 6, respectively, Python has printed 11 in output by adding number1 and number2.

Output :

Python offers a total 7 types of operators, theose are following :

• Arithmetic operators
• Comparison operators
• Logical operators
• Bitwise operators
• Assignment operators
• Membership operators
• Identity operators

We will now discuss about these operators in detail –

Arithmetic operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform various mathematical processes (such as addition, division, multiplication, subtraction, etc.). All the arithmetic operators and their application are shown below in the form of a table taking value of x and y as 9 and 2 –

Operator(name)	Example	Description	Result
+(Addition)	x + y	Add two operands	11
-(Subtraction)	x – y	Subtract right operand from left operand	7
*(Multiplication)	x * y	Multiply two operands	18
/(Division)	x / y	Divide left operand by right operand (returns a float)	4.5
//(Floor division)	x // y	Divide left operand by right operand (returns a whole number less than the float number return from division)	4
%(Modulus)	x % y	Remainder of the division of left operand by the right operand	1
**(Exponential)	x ** y	Left operand raised to the power of right operand	81

To learn more about arithmetic operator go to – Arithmetic Operators

Comparison operators

The comparison operator compares any two variables or values. All the comparison operators and their application are shown below in the form of a table taking value of x and y as 9 and 2 –

Operator(name)	Example	Description	Result
==(Equal to)	x == y	Returns True if both operands are equal else False	False
!=(Not equal to)	x != y	Returns True if both operands are not equal else False	True
>(Greater than)	x > y	Returns True if left operand is greater than right operand else False	True
>=(Greater than or equal to)	x >= y	Returns True if left operand is greater than or equal to right operand else False	True
<(Less than)	x < y	Returns True if left operand is less than right operand else False	False
<=(Less than or equal to)	x <= y	Returns True if left operand is less than or equal to right operand else False	False

To learn more about comparison operator go to – Comparison Operators

Logical operators

Logical operators are used to check various conditions. All the logical operators and their application are shown below in the form of a table taking value of x and y as True and False –

Operator	Example	Description	Result
and	x and y	Returns True if both operands are True else False	False
or	x or y	Returns True if any of the operands is True else False	True
not	x not y	Returns True if the operand is False else False	False

To learn more about logical operator go to – Logical Operators

Bitwise operators

Bitwise operator works bit by bit. The bitwise operator is used to perform various operation on binary numbers. All the bitwise operators and their application are shown below in the form of a table.

The values of variables x and y used in the table are 6 and 10 respectively whose binary number is 0110 and 1010 respectively.

Operator(name)	Example	Description	Result
&(Bitwise AND)	x & y	Set each bit to 1 if both bits are 1 else 0	6 & 10 = 0110 & 1010 = 0010 = 2
|(Bitwise OR)	x | y	Set each bit to 1 if any of the bits is 1 else 0	6 | 10 = 0110 | 1010 = 1110 = 14
~(Bitwise NOT or one’s complement)	~ x	Returns -(x +1)	~ 6 = ~ 0110 = -(0110+1) = -0111 = -7 , ~10 = ~1010 = -(1010+1) = -1011 = -11
^(Bitwise XOR)	x ^ y	Set each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1 else 0	6 ^ 10 = 0110 ^ 1010 = 1100 = 12
<<(Bitwise Left Shift)	x << 2	Shift left by pushing zeros at the right side	6 << 2 = 0110 << 2 = 011000 = 24 ,10 << 2 = 1010 <<2 = 101000 = 40
>>(Bitwise Right Shift)	x >> 2	Shift right by removing bits from right side	6 >> 2 = 0110 >> 2 = 01 = 1 ,10 >> 2 = 1010 >> 2 = 10 = 2

To learn more about bitwise operator go to – Bitwise Operators

Assignment operators

Assignment operator is used to assign a value to a variable. All the assignment operators and their application are shown below in the form of a table. Every time we will take the value of x as 10 .

Operator	Example	Description	Result
=(Assign)	x = 2	x = 2	2
+=(Add and Assign)	x += 2	x = x+2	12
-=(Subtract and Assign)	x -= 2	x = x-2	8
*=(Multiply and Assign)	x *= 2	x = x*2	20
/=(Divide and Assign)	x /= 2	x = x/2	5.0
//=(Divide (floor) and Assign)	x //= 2	x = x//2	5
%=(Modulus and Assign)	x %= 2	x = x%2	0
**=(Exponent and Assign)	x **= 2	x = x**2	100
&=(Bitwise AND and Assign)	x &= 2	x = x&2	2
|=(Bitwise OR and Assign)	x |= 2	x = x|2	10
^=(Bitwise XOR and Assign)	x ^= 2	x = x^2	8
>>=(Bitwise Right Shift and Assign)	x >>= 2	x = x>>2	2
<<=(Bitwise Left Shift and Assign)	x <<= 2	x = x<<2	40

To learn more about assignment operator go to – Assignment Operators

Membership operators

Membership operator is used to check whether a value or variable is in a sequence (eg – String, List, Tuple, Dictionary, Set) or not. All the membership operators and their application are shown below in the form of a table taking x and y as 1 and [1,2,3,4]. In the table, left operand x is the value or variable and right operand y is the sequence.

Operator	Example	Description	Result
in	x in y	Returns True if left operand is in the right operand else False	True
not in	x not in y	Returns True if left operand is not in the right operand else False	False

To learn more about membership operator go to – Membership Operators

Identity operators

Identity operator compares two objects. Identity operator never checks the value of two objects but checks whether the two objects are the same (same memory address) or not. All the identity operators and their application are shown below in the form of a table taking x and y as 2 and 3.

Operator	Example	Description	Result
is	x is y	Returns True if x and y are same object else False	False
is not	x is not y	Returns True if x and y are different object else False	True

To learn more about identity operator go to – Identity Operators

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